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Factors associated with invasiveness in the genus Impatiens: interaction of species traits, competition and environment
Čuda, Jan ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Kollmann, Johannes (referee) ; Prach, Karel (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to identify factors that contribute to invasiveness of species in the genus Impatiens. This genus is horticulturally attractive and includes several species that are known to have naturalized outside their native ranges, while others did not escape, in spite of being frequently cultivated. When looking for traits associated with invasiveness, it is useful to focus on congeneric species. Their traits and dispersal modes are less influenced by phylogeny, than when comparing unrelated species or even complete floras. This helps to account for traits that favour invasive species over native ones and thus identify potential invaders more precisely. A superior invader performance is attributed to a competitive advantage over native species that can lead in extreme case to competitive exclusion of the latter. Invasive and native species com- pete only if their niches overlap and the strength of competition depends on niche similarity. Importantly, invasive species are considered to be able to maintain their high competitiveness over a wide range of environmental conditions, while native ones often have narrower environ- mental optima. Lastly, competitive outcome can vary over life stages and depends on the degree of species dominance, which is rarely taken into account. Spread and...
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Large crabgrass (\kur{Digitaria sanquinalis}) a weed or a crop?
PAUROVÁ, Natálie
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to collect all available information about the occurrence, spread, nutritional value and use of species from the genus Digitaria with the emphasis on the Digitaria sanguinalis in the form of a literature review. Large crabgrass is currently considered a weed plant for its spread in tropical, subtropical and temperate areas. The importance of its regulation in crop stands increases year after year. Its use as a cereal fell into forgetfulness. Other Digitaria species, especially Digitaria iburua and Digitaria exilis, grown in Africa are currently considered a "super food" due to the high level of sulphur amino acids (methionine a cysteine) in the grain.
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Sweet flag (\kur{Acorus calamus} L.) - its biological effects and possibilities of utilization
PEKOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this thesis was to compile and collect all available information about Acorus calamus. To outline its historical development, it has pointed to its biological effects and its use in various industres such as food, pharmacy, parfume production, but also in the plant protection. The most potential is attributed to its rhizome. Many bioactive components have been isolated from leaves and rhizomes. These bioactive compounds - asarone and -asarone are dominant compounds contained in the essential oil of Acorus calamus . These compounds that act as sedatives, antioxidants, but they are also used as cardiovascular, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and other products.
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Factors associated with invasiveness in the genus Impatiens: interaction of species traits, competition and environment
Čuda, Jan ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Kollmann, Johannes (referee) ; Prach, Karel (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to identify factors that contribute to invasiveness of species in the genus Impatiens. This genus is horticulturally attractive and includes several species that are known to have naturalized outside their native ranges, while others did not escape, in spite of being frequently cultivated. When looking for traits associated with invasiveness, it is useful to focus on congeneric species. Their traits and dispersal modes are less influenced by phylogeny, than when comparing unrelated species or even complete floras. This helps to account for traits that favour invasive species over native ones and thus identify potential invaders more precisely. A superior invader performance is attributed to a competitive advantage over native species that can lead in extreme case to competitive exclusion of the latter. Invasive and native species com- pete only if their niches overlap and the strength of competition depends on niche similarity. Importantly, invasive species are considered to be able to maintain their high competitiveness over a wide range of environmental conditions, while native ones often have narrower environ- mental optima. Lastly, competitive outcome can vary over life stages and depends on the degree of species dominance, which is rarely taken into account. Spread and...
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